Italy
Italy has ratified all the protocols to the Alpine Convention.
Regional Legislation
► Legge regionale "Disposizioni per la tutela e la conservazione della flora alpina", 7 December 2009
This regional law aims at preserving Alpine flora. Species are listed in different catagories depending on their type and level of protection.
► Legge regionale "Disposizioni in materia di organizzazione del Soccorso alpino valdostano", 17 April 2007
This regional law regulates the mountain rescue service in Valle d'Aosta.
► Legge regionale "Interventi per lo sviluppo alpinistico ed escursionistico e disciplina della professione di gestore di rifugio alpino", 20 April 2004
This regional law aims at promoting alpine tourism through the development of accommodation for hikers. It also regulates the profession of Alpine hut manager.
► Legge regionale "Normativa urbanistica e di pianificazione territoriale della Valle d'Aosta", 6 April 1998
In the Valle d'Aosta region, mountain municipalities are gathered in different "comunità montana" (mountain communities) which aim at developping mountainous areas. Article 25 of this regional law on city and territorial planning explains the role of these communities. Other articles (for instance article 31) quotes these communities along with other public entities.
► Legge regionale "Costituzione di un fondo di rotazione per la realizzazione di opere di miglioramento fondiario in agricoltura", 24 December 1996
Article 2 of this regional law provides that one of the objectives is to preserve an indispensable minimumal population in rural mountainous areas.
► Legge regionale "Norme in materia di esercizio ad uso pubblico di piste di sci", 17 March 1992
This regional law regulates the use of slopes in ski resorts, in particular security issues.
► Legge regionale "Attuazione della direttiva n. 268 del 28 aprile 1975 del Consiglio delle comunità europee per l'agricoltura di montagna e delle zone svantaggiate", 28 July 1978
This regional law aims at promoting agriculture in mountainous and less-favoored areas.
► Legge provinciale "Ordinamento della aree sciabili attrezzate", 23 November 2010
This provincial law regulates among other things safety and behavior of users in ski areas and management of ski areas.
► Legge provinciale "Interventi della Provincia autonoma di Bolzano per il sostegno di rifugi alpini", 7 April 1997
This provincial law aims at supporting Alpine huts.
► Legge provinciale "Ordinamento forestale", 21 October 1996
Title III of this provincial law regulates mountain areas: forest, pastures, hydraulic activities, etc.
This Decree lays down detailed provisions governing the procedures to be followed in respect of interventions for rehabilitating uncultivated and abandoned lands within Friuli Venezia Giulia.
This Regional Act makes provision on the preservation and restoration of non cultivated and abandoned lands falling within mountain territories in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Further it aims at the prevention of forest fires and dissemination of pests harmful to animal and human health.
► Legge regionale "Norme per lo sviluppo e la valorizzazione del territorio montano", 20 February 2008
This regional law aims at promoting development of mountainous areas: through the action of "Comunità montane" (mountain communities).
This Act aims at the improvement and protection of agricultural and forest resources in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, particularly through the promotion of agriculture in mountain areas. The rational exploitation of land in mountain territories is among the objectives hereby pursued. The latter include private undertakings and public interventions (art. 3). Articles 6 to 10 define with detail the procedure to attain the rationalization of land (proposal of rationalization, preliminary project, final approval). The creation of consortia engaged in agricultural activities is encouraged (art. 25).
► Legge regionale "Disciplina organica del turismo", 16 January 2002
Title IX of this regional law regulates prevention, rescue and safety on slopes in ski resorts.
In compliance with the rules and principles laid down in Act No. 97 of 1994, the present Regional Act promotes the protection, the improvement and the socio-economic development of mountain areas, which are regarded by the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region as an important element of its own environmental, natural, cultural and socio-economic heritage. Article 2 designates the application scope of the Act, which shall apply to the territories of mountain Communes. With a view to encouraging the conservation and, when necessary, the restoration of agricultural and sylvo-pastoral resources, the Region promotes the creation of consortia by owners of lands falling within mountain areas (art. 6). Article 7 describes in detail the aims to be pursued by such consortia. Article 12 deals with development of mountain agriculture. Furthermore, mountain Communes are entitled to draw up special restoration plans devoted to abandoned lands or non cultivated lands (art. 13). Article 16 sets up the International Centre of Mountain Research.
► Legge regionale "Attuazione di progetti mirati di promozione economica nei territori montani", 25 June 1993
This regional law aims at developing human and material resources as well as production and employment in mountainous areas.
► Legge regionale "Provvedimenti per lo sviluppo dei territori montani", 31 October 1987
This regional law aims at developing mountain territories: industrial and rural activities, energy, agriculture, etc.
► Legge regionale "Disciplina di riordino e razionalizzazione della funzioni svolte dalle Comunità montane soppresse e norme di attuazione per la liquidazione", 12 April 2011
This regional law provides that "Comunità montane" (mountain communities)" will cease to exist after April 30, 2011. It reorganises the transfert of their former functions, for instance regarding agriculture, to other entities, like municipalities.
► Legge regionale "Integrazione della legge regionale 13 agosto 1997, n.33 (Disposizioni attuative della legge 31 gennaio 1994, n.97 recante nuove disposizioni per le zone montane”)", 9 June 2003
This law aims at promoting preservation and sustainable economic and social development of mountainous areas in order to benefit their inhabitants and economic activities.
► Legge regionale "Disciplina delle strutture ricettive extralberghiere", 10 June 1992
Chapter IV of this regional law regulates alpine huts: technical and hygienic requirements, administrative authorisation.
► Legge forestale regionale, 16 April 1984
Article 13 of this regional law regulates mountain pastures.
Article 24 and 24 bis of this regional law regulate public intervention in favour of agriculture and preservation of heritage in mountainous areas.
Chapter IV of this regional prescription regulates hunting in alpine areas. It completes the 1998 law.
This regional law recognises mountainous areas as territories of regional interest. It aims at protecting their landscape, identity, values as well as morphological, cultural and ethical particularities and at promoting socio-economic development of local communities.
This regional prescription regulates professions of ski instructor and mountain guide and organises the use of slopes in ski resorts.
Chapter IV of this regional law aims at promoting and regulating mountain sport: exercise of alpine professions, training courses, ski schools, etc.
One of the main objectives of the political and administrative action carried out by the Lombardia Region is the safeguard and promotion of mountain territories. For this purpose, the present Regional Act regulates the special interventions to be undertaken on mountains, in compliance with the principle of subsidiarity. The Act shall be enforced by the Communes, the Mountain Communities, the Provinces and the Regional Council. Article 3 creates the Regional Fund for Mountain, intended for funding the above-mentioned special interventions. The less-favoured areas shall be determined in accordance with the criteria and parameters to be fixed by the Regional Council. Therefore, the Mountain Communities shall classify their respective territories into the three homogeneous zones referred to in article 5. Title II of the Regional Act makes provision on territorial actions, taking into particular account the protection of forest resources (which is entrusted to the Mountain Communities as per article 7), the protection of green agricultural areas (art. 8) and environmental conservation interventions (art. 9). Title III concerns interventions relating to the economic system, giving particular attention to the development of agricultural and zootechnical activities. Article 6 refers to the recognition of mountain organizations by the Region. Further provisions regard subsidies to be granted in favour of the agricultural, hunting and fisheries sectors. Title VI provides for the establishment of the Mountain Committee and the Mountain Counsel.
This regional law aims at promoting and enhancing mountain and alpine economic activities (building and modernisation of cableways, ski slopes and facilities) in order to ensure users' safety.
Article 27 of this regional law regulates hunting in Alpine zones.
This regional law provides that the region supports financially among others the protection of wild heritage, the safety of tourism and the organisation of avalanche services.
► Regolamento attuativo della legge regionale 2 luglio 1999 "Modalita' costitutive e di funzionamento delle Commissioni locali valanghe", 7 June 2002
This regulation provides that in certain high-risk regions can be implemented "commissioni locali valanghe" (local avalanche commissions) composed of experts. Their role is to assess possible danger and give advise to the authorities.
► Legge regionale "Disposizioni modificative della legge regionale 2 luglio 1999 (Testo unico delle leggi sulla montagna)", 2 July 1999
This regional law modifies previous regional law on mountainous areas (see below).
► Legge regionale "Testo unico della leggi sulla montagna", 2 July 1999
This regional law aims at preserving mountainous areas, in particular natural environment and developing human resources and cultura activities in these areas.
This Decree lays down detailed provisions governing the procedures to be followed for approving, pursuant to Provincial Act No. 11 of 2007, the following: a) plans on forest and mountain areas; b) forest management plans; c) simplified cultivation plans; d) plans on forest fire prevention.
Title IV of this provincial law aims at saveguarding and enhancing mountain territories and environment: conservation of ecosystems, protection of flora and fauna, etc.
This Provincial Act aims at the economic development of mountain areas, giving particular regard to less favoured areas. It lays down some amendments to Provincial acts concerning allocation of financial resources and granting of subsidies to strengthen the agricultural and forestry sectors of mountain areas in the Autonomous Province of Trento.
This provincial law aims at promoting development of mountainous areas: creation of a fund, system of information, mountain conference, etc.
► Legge provinciale "Ordinamento dei rifugi alpini, bivacchi, sentieri e vie ferrate", 15 March 1993
This provincial law regulates Alpine huts, bivouac, walking trails and via ferrate.
► Legge provinciale del 7. Aprilo 1992, Interventi a favore dell' agricoltura di montagna
This Act regulates and coordinates specific interventions to promote the development of agricultural and silvipastoral activities in mountain areas. The Provincial Council, on the basis of the development plan for the agricultural sector, shall identify the interventions to be undertaken. Article 4 provides for the setting up of the Provincial Commission for the Development of Mountains, whereas article 5 provides for the creation (under the provincial computerised information system) of the provincial agricultural information system. Further provisions govern the allocation of financial resources.
This provincial law regulates competence of local entities for the development of mountain areas.
► Legge regionale "Nuove disposizioni in materia di soccorso alpino", 30 November 2007
This regional law regulates mountain rescue service in the Veneto region.
► Legge regionale "Interventi regionali a favore dei comuni ricadenti nelle aree svantaggiate di montagna e nell'area del Veneto orientale", 26 October 2007
This regional law provides that the region has to support municipalities in less-favoured mountain regions.
► Legge regionale "Nuove norme per gli interventi in agricoltura", 12 December 2003
Title X, Chapter I of this regional law regulates development measures to support pluriactivity of mountain municipalities.
► Legge regionale "Provvedimenti per il consolidamento e lo sviluppo dell'agricoltura di montagna e per la tutela e la valorizzazione dei territori montani", 18 January 1994
This regional law provides measures for the consolidation and development of mountain agriculture and the protection and development of mountain areas.
► Legge regionale "Disciplina della caccia nella zone faunistica delle Alpi", 16 August 1991
This regional law regulates hunting in alpine faunal areas.
► Legge regionale "Norme sull'istituzione e il funzionamento delle Comunità montane", 3 July 1992
This regional law establishes "Comunità montane" (mountain communities) and sets their functioning.
► Legge regionale "Disposizioni per la protezione e la tutela della fauna e per la disciplina della caccia", 11 August 1989
Article 13 of this regional law regulates hunting in alpine faunal areas. It completes the 1991 law (see above).
► Legge regionale "Norme in materia di turismo d'alta montagna", 18 December 1986
This regional law aims at enhancing and developing tourism in high mountain areas, in particular climbing and hiking (education and health of practisers) and at promoting economic activities in Alpine valleys.
► Legge regionale "Interventi a favore die territori montani e approvazione del progretto montagna", 6 June 1983
This regional law aims at promoting the development of mountain areas through the adoption of extraordinary measures, for example a financial support to productive activities.
National Legislation
► Legge "Nuevedisposizioni per le zone montane", 31 January 1994
This law aims at safeguarding and enhancing mountain areas : national fund for mountain ("Fondo nazionale per la montagna"), procedure to acquire property, development of productive activities, etc.
► Legge "Nuove norme per lo sviluppo della montagna", 3 December 1971
This law aims at promoting the development of mountainous areas through for instance public participation or implementation of development programs and land-use planning.
With a view to avoiding the spreading of brucellosis, from 1 January 2001 ovine and caprine animals may be shifted for grazing or transhumance purposes only when such animals are not infected. The identification code of the enterprise owning the animals concerned must be provided in the certificate. Movements of ovines and caprines for grazing or transhumance purposes must be registered by the veterinary services under the competent local health authorities.
This Decree Law represents the basic legal framework in matter of forestry. Since it was enacted in 1923, it must be coordinated with the Constitution, which entrusts particular legislative and administrative competences to the Regions in matter of forestry as well (art. 117). The Decree consists of seven Titles. Title I makes provision for the protection of the public interests. To this end, certain restrictions shall be applied to private lands, so as to guarantee the public safety and protect the water regime. The transformation of forests falling within such bond lands shall be subject to the previous issuance of an authorization by the Forestry Authority, with a view to preventing the risks defined by article 1. In case of granting of the authorization, the Authority shall prescribe the modalities for governing and using woods and pastures. Title II regulates the arrangement and reforestation of mountain territories. Cultivation shall be forbidden on reforested lands. Grazing shall be allowed only under the conditions referred to in article 9. As per article 79, landowners are entitled to create consortia for the execution of the works defined by Title II. Title IV regards the management of sylvo-pastoral resources which belong to the Central Administration, the Communes and other entities (after the entry into force of the Constitution of 1948, the Regions are to be included too). Article 106 specifies the forests which are comprised within the State forest domain. Such forests shall therefore be inalienable and shall be cultivated and used in compliance with a special economic plan. Moreover, the forestry administration is hereby authorised to purchase woodlands and pastures to be inserted into the State forest domain (art. 111). Title V of the Decree makes provision in matter of rights of uses over forests and bond lands. Such rights of uses may not exceed the limits established under article 521 of the Civil Code.